Diabetes in dogs

Diabetes in dogs is a chronic metabolic disorder and is characterised by high blood glucose levels. There are two main forms: insulin-deficiency diabetes, where the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin, and insulin-resistance diabetes, where the body's cells do not respond well to insulin. If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious complications like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which requires immediate medical attention.

It's important to understand the mechanisms and implications of diabetes for effective management and the well-being of our canine companions.

What causes diabetes in dogs?

• Certain dog breeds are at a higher risk for diabetes, such as miniature Poodles, Bichons Frises, Pugs, Dachshunds, Miniature Schnauzers, Puli, Samoyeds, Keeshonds, Australian Terriers, Fox Terriers, Cairn Terriers, and Beagles.
• Obesity can increase insulin resistance and is a risk factor for pancreatitis, which in turn can lead to diabetes.
• Most dogs that develop diabetes are 5 years old or older.
• Unspayed female dogs are twice as likely as male dogs to develop diabetes.
• Chronic or repeated pancreatitis can cause significant damage to the pancreas over time, potentially leading to diabetes.
• Long-term use of steroid medications can also trigger diabetes. 
• Cushing’s disease, which involves excessive internal steroid production, can be a cause of diabetes.
• Some autoimmune disorders and viral diseases are also believed to potentially contribute to the development of diabetes.

What are clinical signs of diabetes in dogs?

Early signs include

• Excessive thirst: Dogs may drink water frequently and finish the water bowl often.
• Increased urination: Dogs may ask to go outside more frequently and might have accidents indoors.
• Weight loss: Dogs may lose weight even though they are eating their usual amount.
• Increased appetite: Dogs may seem constantly hungry, despite eating normally.

Intermediate to advanced signs include: 

• Loss of appetite: Dogs may show disinterest in food or refuse to eat.
• Lack of energy: Dogs may appear lethargic and uninterested in activities.
• Depressed attitude: Dogs may exhibit signs of sadness or withdrawal.
• Vomiting: Dogs may have episodes of vomiting, indicating gastrointestinal distress.

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How is diabetes managed in dogs?  

Managing diabetes in dogs requires a team effort between you and your veterinarian. Your vet will develop a customised plan that typically includes insulin injections, dietary modifications, and exercise routines tailored to your dog's specific needs.

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It's important to monitor your dog's blood sugar levels at home, following your vet's guidance on methods like blood glucose curves or urine tests. Regular check-ups with your vet are crucial to track your dog's progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

Treatments for dogs with diabetes

The effective management of diabetes in dogs involves two main components: insulin therapy and dietary adjustments. Insulin therapy is crucial for regulating blood sugar levels and typically involves twice-daily injections. It is important to customise this treatment by determining the appropriate insulin type and dosage to achieve optimal results while reducing the risk of tissue scarring at injection sites.

Dietary adjustments are also key in supporting insulin therapy and maintaining stable blood sugar levels. Consistency in feeding schedules and the use of prescription diets with balanced nutrient ratios are essential for successful glucose regulation in diabetic dogs. Seeking guidance from a veterinarian is essential to tailor the treatment plan to each dog's specific needs, ensuring the best possible outcome in managing their diabetes.

What is the prognosis for dogs with diabetes?

The prognosis for dogs with diabetes can vary based on the severity of their condition. Simple cases are usually easier to handle with regular vet check-ups, but more complex cases may need specialised attention. With consistent care and monitoring, most dogs with well-managed diabetes can lead a good quality life. It's important for owners to keep thorough records of their pet's medication, diet, and activity levels to catch any problems early.

In a crisis:

Immediately contact your vet if your dog displays symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, sudden weight loss, or lethargy, as these could be indicative of diabetes in dogs.

It is vital to begin end-of-life care discussions before your dog‘s condition becomes unmanageable, or they begin losing their quality of life. 

Don’t wait until the very end. It’s important to consider your pet’s end-of-life journey early, so that you, your family and your pet are all supported through the process.

When the time comes, we’re here for you. Goodbye Good Boy provides a range of end-of-life services to make the difficult process of saying goodbye a little easier. 

We offer quality of life assessments from qualified vets, specialist grief counselling, at home euthanasia from dedicated end of life veterinarians, as well as cremation services and memorial options to help remember your pet for their unique character.

We are with you at every step of the journey.

To find out more, you can call our team of passionate pet lovers on 1800 953 619.